نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دبیرانجمن علمی مهندسی آب دانشگاه تهران
2 کارشناس ارشد اداره کل اب و فاضلاب استان قزوین
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
We know that life is not possible without water, and many human activities, progress, and development undoubtedly depend on the existence of water. Among these, freshwater holds special importance for the life of living organisms, plants, animals, and especially humans. Historically, human populations have concentrated in areas where freshwater was readily available nearby. Even in places surrounded by oceans and seas, the significance of freshwater was paramount. In fact, saline water had no benefit for human life unless a way was found to convert saline water to freshwater. Although this was not possible in ancient times, advancements in science and knowledge have made it feasible today. Approximately 99% of the Earth's surface water is either highly saline or, if it is freshwater, most of it exists in polar ice, which poses significant environmental challenges and contributes to global warming. In other words, freshwater reserves constitute just over 2% of the world's water, with the accessible portion for humans being around 0.1% to 0.3%. Therefore, this article will examine various methods of desalinating saline water and their benefits and costs.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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